This report would not have been possible without the guidance and help of several individuals and organizations who in one way or another extended their valuable assistance in the preparation of this study. Special thanks go to Mr. Berhanu Adelo, Director General of the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, for his full support and commitment throughout the study. The researchers also recognize Ms. Donna Hill of WIPO for facilitating the study and for her insightful comments on the organization of the data and the report. Our deepest gratitude also goes to Professor Dickson Nyariki of the University of Nairobi and South Eastern Kenya University. This report would not have acquired its present quality without his guidance and professional advice. We are also grateful to officials of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopian Revenues and Customs Authority and National Bank of Ethiopia for providing the data which were crucial to the study. Finally, we wish to extend our thanks to Mr. Elias Fikru for the support he provided in data collection and for providing helpful information on the legal framework for copyright protection in Ethiopia.